The 1553B bus is the abbreviation for MIL-STD-1553 bus, where B is the BUS. The MIL-STD-1553B bus is an internal time-division command/response multiplexed data bus of the aircraft. The 1553B data bus standard is a serial multiplexing data bus standard published by the United States in the 1970s. The 1553B bus can host 31 remote terminals, and adopts command/response communication protocol. It has three types of terminals: bus controller (BC), remote terminal (RT), and bus monitor (BM); The information formats include BC to RT, RT to BC, RT to RT, broadcast mode, and system control mode; The transmission medium is shielded twisted pair, and the 1553B bus coupling methods include direct coupling and transformer coupling; 1553B bus is a multi redundancy bus topology structure, with bidirectional transmission characteristics. Its transmission speed is 1Mbps. The transmission mode is half duplex mode, and Manchester code is used for encoding transmission. This encoding method is adopted because it is suitable for transformer coupling. Direct coupling is not conducive to terminal fault isolation and can cause complete paralysis of the entire bus network due to a terminal fault. Therefore, the protocol explicitly states that direct coupling is not recommended.

Before the 1960s, there was no standard universal data channel for aircraft onboard electronic systems, and the connection between various electronic device units often required a large amount of cables. With the increasing complexity of onboard electronic systems, the cables used in this communication method will occupy a large amount of space and weight, and the definition and testing of transmission lines will also be more complex and costly. In order to address this issue, the SAEA2K Committee of the United States, with the support of the military and industry, decided to develop a standard signal multiplexing system in 1968 and published the MIL-STD-1553B standard in 1973. The 1553B multiplex data bus of 1973 became a technology that future military aircraft would adopt. It replaced the bulky devices that transmit data between sensors, computers, indicators, and other aircraft equipment, greatly reducing aircraft weight and making it easy and flexible to use. The revised version of this standard was published in 1978, which is the MIL-STD-1553B standard. In 1980, the US Air Force made partial modifications and supplements to this standard. As one of the foundations for the integration and standardized management of weapon systems by the US Department of Defense, this standard is widely used in aircraft integrated avionics systems, external storage management and integration systems, and gradually expanded to flight control systems, as well as tanks, ships, aerospace and other fields. It was originally used by the US Air Force for aircraft avionics systems and has now been widely used in the US and European military, land, and air forces, and is becoming an international standard.